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PHOSPHATASES IN CELL–MATRIX ADHESION AND MIGRATION Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 4, No 9, 700 -711 (2003); doi:10.1038/nrm1199 | |
Рис.1. | Influence of phosphatases on cell migration. Рис.2. | Phosphatases regulate the activity of Rho-family GTPases. Рис.3. | FAK activity in integrin complexes is modulated by many phosphatases. Рис.4. | Effects of PTEN and other phosphatases on migration and directionality. Box 1 | Phosphatases have diverse structures Box 1 | Phosphatases and epithelial–mesenchymal transition | Many proteins that have been implicated in cell–matrix adhesion and cell migration are phosphorylated, which regulates their folding, enzymatic activities and protein–protein interactions. Although modulation of cell motility by kinases is well known, increasing evidence confirms that phosphatases are essential at each stage of the migration process. Phosphatases can control the formation and maintenance of the actin cytoskeleton, regulate small GTPase molecular switches, and modulate the dynamics of matrix–adhesion interaction, actin contraction, rear release and migratory directionality.
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