THE MAMMALIAN GOLGI — COMPLEX DEBATES Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 3, No 10, 789-795 (2002) | |
Since the first description of the Golgi in 1898, key issues regarding this organelle have remained contentious among cell biologists. Resolving these complex debates, which revolve around Golgi structure–function relationships, is prerequisite to understanding how the Golgi fulfils its role as the central organelle and sorting station of the mammalian secretory pathway
(Рис.1.) | Model of part of the Golgi ribbon in a mammalian cell generated from a dual-axis three-dimensional reconstruction. (Timeline) | The history of the mammalian Golgi debates (Рис.2.) | Dissecting Golgi organization and transport. BoxesBox 1 | Key features of the mammalian Golgi complexIt functions as the central organelle of the cell secretory pathway,
and interacts with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) at both sides of
the stack.
It consists of stacks of flattened cisternae that are connected at
equivalent levels across non-compact regions (holes or fenestrae) to
form a ribbon.
Its structure is proposed to be maintained through interactions with
a unique matrix.
It contains enzymes that are involved in the post-translational
modification of newly synthesized proteins and lipids (for example,
phosphorylation, acylation, glycosylation, methylation and
sulphation).
It contains enzymes that are capable of synthesizing complex
sphingolipds and glycolipids.
Although considered 'resident', Golgi-processing enzymes are in a
constant state of dynamic flux between the Golgi, ER, plasma
membrane and endosomal compartments.
At the 'trans' face of the Golgi stack, cargo is sorted for
exit to several destinations within the cell and for secretion
outside the cell.
Molecules recycle to the Golgi from the plasma membrane through the
endosomal–lysosomal pathway.
It interacts with all components of the cytoskeleton — microtubules,
actin filaments, intermediate filaments, ankyrin and spectrin.
It forms a 'platform' for many signalling complexes, which, in turn,
regulate Golgi function. Box 2 | Current debates on Golgi structure–function The current debates on Golgi structure–function are:
Is the mammalian Golgi formed de novo or by a (persistent)
matrix?
What is the main mechanism of intra-Golgi transport — cisternal
progression/maturation, tubules or vesicles?
Do coatomer protein complex I (COPI) vesicles function in
anterograde transport?
What is the role of tubules in transport to, from and within the
Golgi?
Where and how is cargo sorted for exit from the Golgi to the
constitutive, endosomal–lysosomal and regulated secretory
pathways?
What is the definition of the trans-Golgi network? Should we
re-define it on the basis of current evidence?
What are the roles of signalling in Golgi
function?
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