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CLIPS AND CLASPS AND CELLULAR DYNAMICS Niels Galjart Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 6, 487-498 (2005); doi:10.1038/nrm1664 | |
| The dynamic properties of microtubules are regulated by plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs), which associate with the distal ends of microtubules. Among the +TIPs are cytoplasmic linker proteins (CLIPs), which promote microtubule growth and regulate dynein–dynactin localization, and CLIP-associating proteins (CLASPs), which stabilize specific subsets of microtubules on reception of signalling cues. CLIPs and CLASPs interact and cooperate to direct the microtubule network, thereby regulating cellular asymmetry. | |
Quicktime Movie file (306K)
S1 (movie) | GFP–CLIP170 in 3T3 fibroblasts. 3T3 fibroblasts that express low levels of inducible GFP–CLIP170 were maintained at 37°C in normal culture medium and were analysed by confocal microscopy. The movie contains 25 images, acquired every 2 seconds. Dashes of GFPndash;CLIP170 display a cometlike shape with a sharp and brightly fluorescent front that points towards the microtubule plus end. Most comets build up in the centrosomal region. They move toward the cell periphery, where they disappear. Images were acquired by T. Stepanova, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, the Netherlands.
Quicktime Movie file (2007K)
S2 (movie) | EB3–GFP movement in transfected neurons and glia. Hippocampal cultures were infected with a virus that expresses EB3–GFP. Cultures were imaged as in Movie 1 and the movie contains 100 images. Notice how the axon from a hippocampal neuron makes contact with a glial cell. The movie shows that neuronal microtubule 'comets' move slower than glial ones, indicating slower microtubule growth rates in neurons. Images were acquired by T. Stepanova, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, The Netherlands.
