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Bortezomib Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2, No 8 (2003); nrd1159 | |||
C 13 May 2003, Bortezomib (Velcade; Millenium) стал первым proteasome ингибитором, рекоментованным US FDA. Bortezomib рекомендован для лечение множественной myeloma, рака крови, который затрагивает 2-3 человек на 100,000, на базе положительных исходов испытаниях ранней фазы.
Рис.1. | Bortezomib and NF-κ A key factor in the ability of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib to kill myeloma cells is that it blocks the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). In normal cells, NF-κB (which exists as a p50–p65 dimer) is bound to the inhibitory protein IκB, which maintains it in the inactive form in the cytosol. Certain tumours have activated forms of NF-κB, and the proteasome is essential for this activation, as it catalyses the proteolytic generation of the NF-κB subunit p50 from the inactive p105 precursor and the destruction of the inhibitory IκB. The activated NF-κB can then enter the nucleus, which allows it to carry out many functions in the tumour cell that help the cell to survive and proliferate. By inhibiting the proteasome (red cross) and therefore the activation of NF-κB (orange crosses), bortezomib helps to reduce anti-apoptotic factors; inflammatory molecules; cell adhesion molecules, which allow attachment cells to adhere to bone marrow cells; and cytokines, which promote the growth of myeloma cells Рис.2. | Market for drugs to treat multiple myeloma. Табл.1 Selected drugs in development for multiple myeloma ReferencesCoux, O., Tanaka, K. & Goldberg, A. L. Structure and functions of the 20S and 26S proteasomes. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 65, 801-847 (1996). | Article | PubMed | ISI | ChemPortKing, R. W., Deshaies, R. J., Peters, J. -M. & Kirschner, M. W. How proteolysis drives the cell cycle. Science 274, 1652-1659 (1996). | Article | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort Kisslev, A. F. & Goldberg, A. L. Proteasome inhibitors: from research tools to drug candidates. Chem. Biol. 121, 1-20 (2001). | PubMed Hideshima, T. et al. The proteasome inhibitor PS-341 inhibits growth, induces apoptosis and overcomes drug resistance in human multiple myeloma cells. Cancer Res. 61, 3071-3076 (2001). | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort Barnes, P. J. & Karin, M. Nuclear factor-κB: a pivotal transcription factor in chronic inflammatory diseases. N. Engl. J. Med. 336, 1066-1071 (1997). | Article | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort Palombella, V. J., Rando, O. J., Goldberg, A. L. & Maniatis, T. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is required for processing the NF-κB1 precursor protein and the activation of NF-κB. Cell 78, 773-785 (1994). | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort Adams, J. Proteasome inhibition in cancer: development of PS-341. Semin. Oncol. 28, 613-619 (2001). | Article | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort >Adams, J. et al. Potent and selective inhibitors of the proteasome: dipeptidyl boronic acids. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 8, 333-338 (1998). Anderson, P. G. A Phase 2 study of bortezomib in relapsed, refractory myeloma. N. Engl. J. Med. 348, 2609-2617 (2003). | Article | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort FDA Drug Approvals List [online] (cited 13 May 2003) < 021602lbl.pdf> (2003). Zangari, M. et al. Marked activity also in Del 13 multiple myeloma (MM) of PS-341 (PS) and subsequent thalidomide (THAL) in a setting of resistance to post-autotransplant salvage therapies. Proc. Am. Soc. Hematol. A387 (2002). Orlowski, R. Z. et al. Phase I study of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (PS-341, ValcadeTM) in combination with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (DoxilTM) in patients with refractory hematological malignancies. Proc. Am. Soc. Hematol. A388 (2002). |
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